Consumers are already tired of inflation. Tariffs are sending prices higher.

Americans have already weathered years of fast-rising prices and are now facing a new round of inflation on cars, food, gas and other essentials that are poised to quickly get costlier in the coming days. The Trump administration on Tuesday placed sweeping tariffs on goods from Canada, Mexico and China, the United States’ three largest trading partners. The result, economists and industry experts say, could be swift and noticeable: Depending on where they live, Americans can expect to pay an extra 20 cents per gallon of gas, an additional 50...