Elon Musk says he can stop child exploitation on Twitter. So far, he’s axed jobs and pushed out watchdogs.

Less than a month after taking control of Twitter, Elon Musk said addressing child sexual exploitation content on the social media platform was “Priority #1.”

But there is little evidence that the company is taking more aggressive action under his management or putting more resources toward the platform’s long-running problem with child sexual exploitation content, according to interviews with four former employees, one current employee, internal company records and interviews with people who work to stop child abuse content online.

Meanwhile, Musk has turned the topic of online safety into...