A radical election theory has day in court. Justices appear divided.

The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments in a pivotal case that could make huge waves in how states govern elections. But some of the justices appear skeptical of throwing another boulder into America’s electoral waters.

The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments on Wednesday morning on a case that could have profound effects on the way elections are run in the United States. It is one of the most important and polarizing cases of the current term, and the outcome might – maybe – be a compromise.

Over three hours,...