How do Americans understand the differences between profanity and hate speech online?

The internet is a polarized place and often a difficult place to have meaningful discussions. With no globally recognized definition for what constitutes hate speech, it can be difficult for social media users, content moderators, and news outlets to decide what is hateful and what is profane because each culture and country has its own context.

A new study by the Center for Media Engagement at the University of Texas, Austin, surveyed people from the United States, the Netherlands, and Portugal to understand how they perceive hate speech and whether...